This article describe how to Recognize NetScaler Gateway User Login failure related logs 

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Instructions

Search "LOGIN_FAILED" records in /var/log/ns.log*:

ns.log:Jun 23 17:06:37 <local0.warn> <nsip> 2022/06/23:09:06:37 GMT WW-ADC01 0-PPE-0 : default AAA LOGIN_FAILED 11068 0 : User ctxdemo - Client_ip <ClientI_ip> - Failure_reason "External authentication server denied access" - Browser Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/101.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Search "authentication failed" In /var/log/nsvpn.log*

nsvpn.log:Jun 23 17:06:37 <local1.info> WW-ADC01 [1382]: (0-15) ns_ldap_check_result: For user ctxdemo, LDAP authentication failed (error 49): Invalid credentials

Real time debugging authentication error with  "cat /tmp/aaad.debug" 

More details click Troubleshooting Authentication Issues with aaad.debug Module

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