In a 7.12+ XenApp/XenDesktop site where the DDC(s) and VDAs have been configured to communicate over a non-default port, if the site goes into outage (Local Host Cache) mode due to the database being unavailable, VDAs will fail to re-register with the DDC(s).
Although the Broker Service has been configured to listen on the non-default port the High Availability Service which takes over for the Broker Service may still be configured to listen on the default port (TCP port 80). To confirm this run the following commands:
Cd C:\Program Files\Citrix\Broker\Service
HighAvailabilityService.exe /show
In this example the High Availability Service is set to listen on the default TCP Port 80. If the VDAs are configured to use a different TCP port they will fail to register when the High Availability Service is active (LHC Mode).